There are three different types of arthritis of the knee: osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis), and post-traumatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, affecting millions of Australians.
In a healthy knee, the joint surfaces are lined with articular cartilage, allowing smooth, frictionless movement. In osteoarthritis, this cartilage gradually breaks down – often referred to as “wear and tear” – causing the bones to rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced function.
Around 85% of knee osteoarthritis develops as part of the normal ageing process — much like greying hair. The remainder is often post-traumatic, occurring after injuries such as ACL tears or meniscus tears, which can accelerate cartilage degeneration.
Pain is the most common symptom. In early stages, pain may occur only during strenuous activity or after prolonged use. As the condition progresses, pain may become more constant and severe, disturb sleep, and be accompanied by swelling, stiffness, or a sensation of instability. Advanced disease can significantly limit daily activities and quality of life.
An experienced clinician can often diagnose osteoarthritis based on history and examination. X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of joint damage.
What is the treatment of knee osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition with irreversible cartilage loss, meaning there is currently no “cure.” However, many effective treatments are available to relieve pain, improve mobility, and maintain function.
Non-operative treatment options (often first-line for mild symptoms or low-grade arthritis):
Surgical options (for more severe symptoms or when non-operative measures fail):
Whether your goal is to return to sport, stay active, or simply live pain-free, Dr Free combines advanced surgical techniques with evidence-based care to deliver the best possible outcomes for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Dr Matthew Free offers expert, personalised solutions for every step of the journey.
